What are the problems that could occur in data science?

☐ Values encoded incorrectly

☐ Static variables

☐ Unexpected data assumptions

☐ Features being used inappropriately

In which part of the software lifecycle is it less expensive to catch and fix defects?

⚪ Requirements

⚪ Design

⚪ Development

⚪ Testing

Which items are core components of software engineering?

☐ Write clean and modular code

☐ Use version control

☐ Testing

☐ Logging

Test-driven development (TDD) is

☐ Not a real process

☐ A development process in which you write the code first before writing test

☐ A development process in which you write tests for tasks before you even write the code to implement those tasks.

☐ A development process where you break code up into small modules so it is easier to test

To catch software defects:

☐ You need to verify and analyze data anomalies

☐ You have to check for the quality of your code

☐ You have to check for the accuracy of youranalysis

☐ You need to understand unit testing

What is a machine learning model?

⚪ Generic program, made specific by data

⚪ A set of high-level statistics and visualizations that help you understand the shape of your data

⚪ A linear function

Why is it important to inspect your dataset before selecting and training a machine learning model?

⚪ It isn’t! Machine learning handles all of the reasoning about data for you.

⚪ Understanding the basic shape and structure of your data can help you make more informed decisions on how to select a machine learning model.

Which of the following is false about most machine learning models?

⚪ They require numbers or collections of numbers as input.

⚪ They are flexible enough to handle all issues you might see in your dataset (lack of data, incorrect data, etc)

⚪ They are trained by iteratively adjusting their parameters to minimize a loss function.

⚪ Once trained, their model parameters can be used to make new predictions in a process called a “model inference algorithm.”

Which of the following is not an example of a supervised learning task?

⚪ Building a spam email classifier from data labeled as “spam” or “not spam.”

⚪ Building a system that can identify a product type by images of that product.

⚪ Building a system that can estimate the temperature in your house from historic data comparing the weather channel’s temperature value to your thermostat reading.

⚪ Building a system that tries to group customers into customer segments based on product usage patterns, with the specific segments not known in advance.

Which of the following is not a component of machine learning?

⚪ Machine learning model

⚪ Model training algorithm

⚪ Artificial Intelligence

⚪ Model inference algorithm

The function of a generator in a generative adversarial network is to generate new data samples that are similar to input data samples.

⚪ False

⚪ True

The function of a discriminator in a generative adversarial network is to classify true data from fake data.

⚪ True

⚪ False

In addition to classifying the True data from the Fake data, the discriminator also provides feedback to the generator.

⚪ True

⚪ False

Which of the following machine learning techniques are examples of generative models?

⚪ Generative adversarial networks

⚪ Transformers

⚪ Autoregressive CNN

⚪Reinforcement learning

The generator in generative adversarial networks is trained with random noise.

⚪ False

⚪ True

True or false: Conda does two things: manages packages and manages environments

⚪ True

⚪ False

What is a package?

⚪ A collection of Python modules

⚪ A type of class that wraps code in a container

⚪ A virtual environment used for testing

⚪ An output file that describes unit test failures

True or false: Classes, object, attributes, methods, and inheritance are common to all object-oriented programming languages

⚪ True

⚪ False

In Python what practice do we use to provide another class with all of the functions and properties from another class?

⚪ Object-oriented

⚪ Inheritance

⚪ Procedure

⚪ Cross compatibility

What is pip?

⚪ A Python class that collects unused data files

⚪ A virtual memory management that frees up memory by destroying unused objects

⚪ A Python package manager that helps with installing and uninstalling Python packages

⚪ A Python library that supports adding and removing objects

True or false: In Python we can have more than one class with the same name in a different package

⚪ True

⚪ False

What is the correct syntax for installing numpy packages using conda?

⚪ numpy install

⚪ install numpy

⚪ C install numpy

⚪ conda install numpy

Select the Python package managers:

☐ file_manager

☐ Coonda

☐ Conda

☐ venv

☐ airManager

What is the purpose of the magic method init?

⚪ It creates an init object in Python

⚪ It runs unit tests in Python

⚪ It allows users to define the deconstruction behavior of an object

⚪ It allows users to define the initialization behavior of an object

True or false: Magic methods are special methods that allow users to define specific behavior of an object during lifecycle

⚪ True

⚪ False

One important characteristic of clean code is:

⚪ Code should be written to solve a specific problem

⚪ Code should be coupled together to create less functions

⚪ Code should be written quickly and refactored to make it correct

⚪ Code should be complex and used to solve more than one problem

Why do we want to write modular code?

☐ We want simple functions that do only do one thing

☐ We want to have as many modules as possible

☐ We want to write code that is easier to test

☐ We want to be able to reuse code in other places of the program

Select one example of do not repeat yourself.

⚪ When a function can perform multiple different operations

⚪ When code can be reused by other parts of the code

⚪ When we copy parts of the code to use it in different places

⚪ Each class has the same functions

Select one variable name that best demonstrates clean code practices.

⚪ x= 5

⚪ name = “Mike”

⚪ username = “Mike”

⚪ parameter = “Mike”

Clean code is code that is:

⚪ Testable

⚪ Simple

⚪ Easy to understand

⚪ Complex

Why do we refactor code?

☐ To rename code to following an intention revealing name

☐ We want to encapsulate fields

☐ We want to extract classes

☐ We want to pushdown methods to protect them in a class

Which statement is true about Python?

⚪ Python is a procedural language and cannot create objects

⚪ Python is an object-oriented language and functions are not first-class objects

⚪ Python is neither object-oriented nor procedural

⚪ Python is both object-oriented and procedural

In OOP a method describes what for a class?

⚪ Characterization

⚪ Concept

⚪ Action

⚪ Statement

What is an example of data encapsulation?

⚪ Creating static variables in the main method

⚪ Adding variables outside of a class

⚪ Exposing class variables so they can be accessed without the class

⚪ Hiding data so the details are kept hidden from the user

Which of the following is not a computer vision task?

⚪ Object detection

⚪ Semantic segmentation

⚪ Reinforcement learning

⚪ Activity recognition