What are the problems that could occur in data science?
☐ Values encoded incorrectly
☐ Static variables
☐ Unexpected data assumptions
☐ Features being used inappropriately
In which part of the software lifecycle is it less expensive to catch and fix defects?
⚪ Requirements
⚪ Design
⚪ Development
⚪ Testing
Which items are core components of software engineering?
☐ Write clean and modular code
☐ Use version control
☐ Testing
☐ Logging
Test-driven development (TDD) is
☐ Not a real process
☐ A development process in which you write the code first before writing test
☐ A development process in which you write tests for tasks before you even write the code to implement those tasks.
☐ A development process where you break code up into small modules so it is easier to test
To catch software defects:
☐ You need to verify and analyze data anomalies
☐ You have to check for the quality of your code
☐ You have to check for the accuracy of youranalysis
☐ You need to understand unit testing
What is a machine learning model?
⚪ Generic program, made specific by data
⚪ A set of high-level statistics and visualizations that help you understand the shape of your data
⚪ A linear function
Why is it important to inspect your dataset before selecting and training a machine learning model?
⚪ It isn’t! Machine learning handles all of the reasoning about data for you.
⚪ Understanding the basic shape and structure of your data can help you make more informed decisions on how to select a machine learning model.
Which of the following is false about most machine learning models?
⚪ They require numbers or collections of numbers as input.
⚪ They are flexible enough to handle all issues you might see in your dataset (lack of data, incorrect data, etc)
⚪ They are trained by iteratively adjusting their parameters to minimize a loss function.
⚪ Once trained, their model parameters can be used to make new predictions in a process called a “model inference algorithm.”
Which of the following is not an example of a supervised learning task?
⚪ Building a spam email classifier from data labeled as “spam” or “not spam.”
⚪ Building a system that can identify a product type by images of that product.
⚪ Building a system that can estimate the temperature in your house from historic data comparing the weather channel’s temperature value to your thermostat reading.
⚪ Building a system that tries to group customers into customer segments based on product usage patterns, with the specific segments not known in advance.
Which of the following is not a component of machine learning?
⚪ Machine learning model
⚪ Model training algorithm
⚪ Artificial Intelligence
⚪ Model inference algorithm
The function of a generator in a generative adversarial network is to generate new data samples that are similar to input data samples.
⚪ False
⚪ True
The function of a discriminator in a generative adversarial network is to classify true data from fake data.
⚪ True
⚪ False
In addition to classifying the True data from the Fake data, the discriminator also provides feedback to the generator.
⚪ True
⚪ False
Which of the following machine learning techniques are examples of generative models?
⚪ Generative adversarial networks
⚪ Transformers
⚪ Autoregressive CNN
⚪Reinforcement learning
The generator in generative adversarial networks is trained with random noise.
⚪ False
⚪ True
True or false: Conda does two things: manages packages and manages environments
⚪ True
⚪ False
What is a package?
⚪ A collection of Python modules
⚪ A type of class that wraps code in a container
⚪ A virtual environment used for testing
⚪ An output file that describes unit test failures
True or false: Classes, object, attributes, methods, and inheritance are common to all object-oriented programming languages
⚪ True
⚪ False
In Python what practice do we use to provide another class with all of the functions and properties from another class?
⚪ Object-oriented
⚪ Inheritance
⚪ Procedure
⚪ Cross compatibility
What is pip?
⚪ A Python class that collects unused data files
⚪ A virtual memory management that frees up memory by destroying unused objects
⚪ A Python package manager that helps with installing and uninstalling Python packages
⚪ A Python library that supports adding and removing objects
True or false: In Python we can have more than one class with the same name in a different package
⚪ True
⚪ False
What is the correct syntax for installing numpy packages using conda?
⚪ numpy install
⚪ install numpy
⚪ C install numpy
⚪ conda install numpy
Select the Python package managers:
☐ file_manager
☐ Coonda
☐ Conda
☐ venv
☐ airManager
What is the purpose of the magic method init?
⚪ It creates an init object in Python
⚪ It runs unit tests in Python
⚪ It allows users to define the deconstruction behavior of an object
⚪ It allows users to define the initialization behavior of an object
True or false: Magic methods are special methods that allow users to define specific behavior of an object during lifecycle
⚪ True
⚪ False
One important characteristic of clean code is:
⚪ Code should be written to solve a specific problem
⚪ Code should be coupled together to create less functions
⚪ Code should be written quickly and refactored to make it correct
⚪ Code should be complex and used to solve more than one problem
Why do we want to write modular code?
☐ We want simple functions that do only do one thing
☐ We want to have as many modules as possible
☐ We want to write code that is easier to test
☐ We want to be able to reuse code in other places of the program
Select one example of do not repeat yourself.
⚪ When a function can perform multiple different operations
⚪ When code can be reused by other parts of the code
⚪ When we copy parts of the code to use it in different places
⚪ Each class has the same functions
Select one variable name that best demonstrates clean code practices.
⚪ x= 5
⚪ name = “Mike”
⚪ username = “Mike”
⚪ parameter = “Mike”
Clean code is code that is:
⚪ Testable
⚪ Simple
⚪ Easy to understand
⚪ Complex
Why do we refactor code?
☐ To rename code to following an intention revealing name
☐ We want to encapsulate fields
☐ We want to extract classes
☐ We want to pushdown methods to protect them in a class
Which statement is true about Python?
⚪ Python is a procedural language and cannot create objects
⚪ Python is an object-oriented language and functions are not first-class objects
⚪ Python is neither object-oriented nor procedural
⚪ Python is both object-oriented and procedural
In OOP a method describes what for a class?
⚪ Characterization
⚪ Concept
⚪ Action
⚪ Statement
What is an example of data encapsulation?
⚪ Creating static variables in the main method
⚪ Adding variables outside of a class
⚪ Exposing class variables so they can be accessed without the class
⚪ Hiding data so the details are kept hidden from the user
Which of the following is not a computer vision task?
⚪ Object detection
⚪ Semantic segmentation
⚪ Reinforcement learning
⚪ Activity recognition